كلماتي كه از نظر موضوعي هم خانواده هستند در اين پست بررسي مي شه . اميدوارم مفيد واقع شه novel THESAURUS types of book novel noun [ countable ] a book about imaginary people and events : The film is based on Nick Hornby’s best-selling novel. | a historical novel fiction noun [ uncountable ] books that describe imaginary people and events : She reads a lot of romantic fiction. literature noun [ uncountable ] novels and plays that are considered to be important works of art : I’m studying American literature at university. non-fiction noun [ uncountable ] books that describe real people and events : Men tend to prefer non-fiction. science fiction noun [ uncountable ] books about imaginary events in the future or space travel reference book noun [ countable ] a book such as a dictionary or encyclopedia, which you look at to find information textbook noun [ countable ] a book about a particular subject that you use in a classroom set book British English , course book British English noun [ countable ] a book that you have to study as part of your course guidebook noun [ countable ] a book telling visitors about a city or country picture book noun [ countable ] a book for children with many pictures in it hardcover/hardback noun [ countable ] a book that has a hard stiff cover paperback noun [ countable ] a book that has a paper cover biography noun [ countable ] a book about a real person’s life, written by another person autobiography noun [ countable ] a book that someone has written about their own life recipe book/cookery book British English ( also cookbook American English ) noun [ countable ] a book that tells you how to cook different meals
crime THESAURUS illegal actions crime noun [ uncountable and countable ] an illegal action or activity, or these actions in general : The police need the public’s help to solve crimes. | Crime is on the increase. | It was a horrific crime. offence British English , offense American English noun [ countable ] a crime, especially one that has a particular description and name in law : It is an offence to drive while using a mobile phone. | a minor offence (= one that is not serious ) | a serious offence | a parking offence misdemeanor noun [ countable ] American English law a crime that is not very serious : They pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor and were fined. felony noun [ uncountable and countable ] especially American English law a serious crime : Fewer than 25 percent of the people arrested on felony charges are convicted. | He committed a series of violent felonies. crimes of stealing robbery noun [ uncountable and countable ] the crime of stealing from a bank, shop etc : £100,000 was stolen in the robbery. | The gang carried out a string of daring robberies. burglary noun [ uncountable and countable ] the crime of breaking into someone’s home in order to steal things : There have been several burglaries in our area. theft noun [ uncountable and countable ] the crime of stealing something : Car theft is a big problem. | thefts of credit cards shoplifting noun [ uncountable ] the crime of taking things from shops without paying for them : They get money for drugs from shoplifting. fraud noun [ uncountable and countable ] the crime of getting money from people by tricking them : He’s been charged with tax fraud. | credit card fraud larceny noun [ uncountable ] especially American English law the crime of stealing something : He was found guilty of larceny. phishing noun [ uncountable ] the activity of tricking people into giving their personal details, bank numbers etc on the Internet, in order to steal money from them : One in four computer users reports that they have been hit by phishing attempts. violent crimes assault noun [ uncountable and countable ] the crime of physically attacking someone : He was arrested for an assault on a policeman. mugging noun [ uncountable and countable ] the crime of attacking and robbing someone in a public place : Muggings usually happen at night. murder noun [ uncountable and countable ] the crime of deliberately killing someone : He is accused of the murder of five women. homicide noun [ uncountable and countable ] especially American English law murder : Homicide rates are rising fastest amongst 15 to19-year-olds. rape noun [ uncountable and countable ] the crime of forcing someone to have *** : In most cases of rape, the victim knows her attacker. crimes against property arson noun [ uncountable ] the crime of deliberately setting fire to a building : The school was completely destroyed in an arson attack. vandalism noun [ uncountable ] the crime of deliberately damaging things, especially public property : He often got into fights and committed acts of vandalism
customer THESAURUS customer someone who buys goods or services from a shop or company : Customers were waiting for the shop to open. | The bank is one of our biggest customers. client someone who pays for a service from a professional person or company : He has a meeting with one of his clients. | The company buys and sells shares on behalf of their clients shopper someone who goes to the shops looking for things to buy : The streets were full of Christmas shoppers. guest someone who pays to stay in a hotel : Guests must leave their rooms by 10 am. patron / ˈpeɪtrən / formal a customer of a particular shop, restaurant or hotel – usually written on signs : The notice said ‘Parking for Patrons Only’. patient someone who is getting medical treatment from a doctor, or in a hospital : He is a patient of Dr Williams. consumer anyone who buys goods or uses services – used when considering these people as a group who have particular rights, needs, or behaviour : Consumers are demanding more environmentally-friendly products. | the rights of the consumer | The law is designed to protect consumers who buy goods on the Internet. market the number of people who want to buy a product, or the type of people who want to buy it : The market for organic food is growing all the time. | a magazine aimed at the youth market clientele / ˌkliːənˈtel $ ˌklaɪənˈtel, ˌkliː- / formal the type of customers that a particular shop, restaurant etc gets : The hotel has a very upmarket clientele. | They have a wealthy international clientele
disaster THESAURUS disaster a sudden event such as an accident, or a natural event such as a flood or storm, which causes great damage or suffering : 200 people died in the train disaster. | The earthquake was the worst natural disaster to hit India for over 50 years. catastrophe a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction, damage, suffering, or death over a wide area of the world : A large comet hitting the earth would be a catastrophe. | We don’t want another nuclear catastrophe like Chernobyl. | Scientists say that the oil spill is an ecological catastrophe. tragedy a very sad event, that shocks people because it involves death : It was a tragedy that he died so young. | the AIDS tragedy in Africa debacle an event or situation that is a complete failure and is very embarrassing : The opening ceremony turned into a debacle. | The team is hoping to do better this game, after last week’s debacle against the Chicago Bears. natural disasters earthquake a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface that often causes a lot of damage : A powerful earthquake struck the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. | It was the biggest earthquake to hit the Pacific Northwest for 52 years. flood a very large amount of water that covers an area that is usually dry : Bangladesh has been hit by a series of devastating floods (= very bad floods ) . | The crisis began with floods that covered one third of the countryside. drought a long period of dry weather when there is not enough water for plants and animals to live : The country experienced its worst drought this century. | In East Africa, three years of drought have left 10 million people in urgent need of food and water. famine a situation in which a large number of people have little or no food for a long time and many people die : Poor harvests led to famine. | 4,000,000 people are threatened by famine in northern Ethiopia. hurricane a storm that has very strong fast winds and that moves over water – used about storms in the North Atlantic Ocean : extreme weather such as hurricanes | Hurricane Andrew left southern Florida in ruins. typhoon a violent tropical storm – used about storms in the Western Pacific Ocean : A typhoon has hit the Philippines, lifting roofs off houses and uprooting trees. tsunami a very large wave, caused by extreme conditions such as an earthquake, which can cause a lot of damage when it reaches land : Thousands of people were killed in the tsunami. | Many Pacific earthquakes have generated tsunamis
fun THESAURUS fun noun [ uncountable ] especially spoken an experience or activity that is very enjoyable and exciting : The course was fun. | Have you ever been windsurfing? It’s really good fun. | I just want to relax and have some fun. | It’ll be fun seeing all my old friends again. | Running around a freezing hockey field isn’t my idea of fun. enjoyment noun [ uncountable ] the feeling you get when you enjoy doing something : I get a lot of enjoyment out of working with young children. pleasure noun [ countable ] an experience or activity that makes you feel happy and satisfied : The game was a pleasure to watch. | One of her greatest pleasures was walking in the mountains. | Ted enjoyed the simple pleasures of life: his family, his home, and his garden. good/great time noun [ countable ] especially spoken a time when you enjoyed yourself : The kids all had a great time . | I remember the good times in Japan. | Were the 1960s really such great times? a blast informal a very enjoyable experience – a very informal use : The trip was a blast! entertainment noun [ uncountable ] things such as performances and films which are intended to be enjoyable : Three musicians provided the entertainment. | What do you do for entertainment around here? | They hired two dancers for entertainment. relaxation noun [ uncountable ] a way of resting and enjoying yourself : I play the piano for relaxation. | Her work left little time for relaxation. leisure noun [ uncountable ] the time when you are not working, when you can enjoy yourself – used especially in compounds : leisure activities | the leisure industry | People have more leisure time. recreation noun [ uncountable and countable ] formal activities that you do to enjoy yourself : recreation facilities | The park is not just a place for recreation
group THESAURUS of people group several people together in the same place : A group of boys stood by the school gate. | Arrange yourselves in groups of three. crowd a large group of people who have come to a place to do something : There were crowds of shoppers in the streets. | The crowd all cheered. mob a large, noisy, and perhaps violent crowd : An angry mob of demonstrators approached. mass a large group of people all close together in one place, so that they seem like a single thing : The square in front of the station was a solid mass of people. bunch informal a group of people who are all similar in some way : They’re a nice bunch of kids. gang a group of young people, especially a group that often causes trouble and fights : He was attacked by a gang of youths. rabble a noisy group of people who are behaving badly : He was met by a rabble of noisy angry youths. horde a very large group of people who all go somewhere : In summer hordes of tourists flock to the island. | There were hordes of people coming out of the subway. crew a group of people who all work together, especially on a ship or plane : the ship’s crew | The flight crew will serve drinks shortly. party a group of people who are travelling or working together : A party of tourists stood at the entrance to the temple. of animals herd a group of cows, deer, or elephants : A herd of cows was blocking the road. team a group of people who work together : She is being cared for by a team of doctors. flock a group of sheep or birds : a flock of seagulls | The farmer has over 100 sheep in his flock. pack a group of dogs or wolves : Some dogs are bred to work in packs. litter a group of kittens or puppies born at one time to a particular mother : He was one of a litter of seven puppies. school/shoal a group of fish or dolphins : Piranha fish live in shoals in the wild. of things bunch a group of things held or tied together, especially flowers or keys : He handed me a bunch of daffodils. bundle several papers, clothes, or sticks held or tied together in an untidy pile : Bundles of papers and files filled the shelves. cluster a group of things of the same kind that are close together in a place : a cluster of stars | Our road ended at a cluster of cottages
injury THESAURUS injury damage to part of your body caused by an accident or an attack : The passengers were taken to hospital with minor injuries. wound an injury, especially a deep cut in your skin made by a knife, bullet, or bomb : He died of a gunshot wound to the head. cut a small injury made when a sharp object cuts your skin : Blood was running from a cut on his chin. bruise a dark mark on your skin that you get when you fall or get hit : Jack often comes home from playing rugby covered in bruises. graze/scrape a small injury that marks your skin or breaks the surface slightly : She fell off her bike and got a few grazes on her legs and knees. gash a long deep cut : He had a deep gash across his forehead. bump an area of skin that is swollen because you have hit it against something : How did you get that bump on your head? sprain an injury to your ankle , wrist , knee etc, caused by suddenly twisting it : It’s a slight sprain – you should rest your ankle for a week. strain an injury to a muscle caused by stretching it or using it too much : a muscle strain in his neck fracture a crack or broken part in a bone : a hip fracture
job THESAURUS job noun [ countable ] the regular paid work that you do for an employer : a full-time job | John got a job in a car factory. work noun [ uncountable ] activities that you are paid for doing – used either when you work for an employer or when you work in your own business : I started work when I was 18. | He graduated from college last year and is still looking for work. profession noun [ countable ] a job for which you need special education and training : There are now a lot more women in the legal profession . | Many teachers are leaving the profession. occupation noun [ countable ] formal a job, or a type of job – often used on official documents : Please give your name, age, and occupation. | a traditionally male occupation career noun [ countable ] the work you do or plan to do for most of your life : I’m interested in a career in journalism. position noun [ countable ] formal a particular job within an organization : I am writing to apply for the position of technical assistant. | We regret that the position has already been filled. | Please state the position which you are applying for. post noun [ countable ] formal a job, especially an important one in a large organization : She has held the post of managing director for two years. | He applied for the post of Senior Manager. vacancy/opening noun [ countable ] a job that is available for someone to do : The hospital has been unable to fill the vacancy . | There are very few openings in scientific research. appointment noun [ countable ] an important job which someone is asked to do : He took an appointment as US trade ambassador in Geneva. posting noun [ countable ] a situation in which someone is sent somewhere to do a job for a period of time by the organization they work for : This was his first posting outside the UK. | an overseas posting | His next posting took him to the Ministry of Defence. trade noun [ countable ] a job that involves using your hands, and for which you need special training : Most of the men had worked in skilled trades such as carpentry and printing. employment noun [ uncountable ] the fact of having a job : The factory will provide employment for local people. | She was offered employment in the sales office
dialect THESAURUS different kinds of language dialect a form of a language that is spoken in one area of a country, with different words, grammar, or pronunciation from other areas : Cantonese is only one of many Chinese dialects. | the local dialect accent the way that someone pronounces words, because of where they were born or live, or their social class : Karen has a strong New Jersey accent. | an upper class accent slang very informal spoken language, used especially by people who belong to a particular group, for example young people or criminals : Teenage slang changes all the time. | ‘Dosh’ is slang for ‘money’. terminology formal the technical words or expressions that are used in a particular subject : musical terminology | Patients are often unfamiliar with medical terminology. jargon especially disapproving words and phrases used in a particular profession or subject and which are difficult for other people to understand : The instructions were written in complicated technical jargon. | ‘Outsourcing’ is business jargon for sending work to people outside a company to do. | The letter was full of legal jargon. techniques used in language metaphor a way of describing something by referring to it as something different and suggesting that it has similar qualities to that thing : The beehive is a metaphor for human society. simile an expression that describes something by comparing it with something else, using the words as or like , for example ‘as white as snow’ : The poet uses the simile ‘soft like clay’. irony the use of words that are the opposite of what you really mean, often in order to be amusing : ‘I’m so happy to hear that,’ he said, with more than a trace of irony in his voice. bathos a sudden change from a subject that is beautiful, moral, or serious to something that is ordinary, silly, or not important : The play is too sentimental and full of bathos. hyperbole a way of describing something by saying that it is much bigger, smaller, worse etc than it actually is – used especially to excite people’s feelings : In his speeches, he used a lot of hyperbole. | journalistic hyperbole alliteration the use of several words together that all begin with the same sound, in order to make a special effect, especially in poetry : the alliteration of the ‘s’ sound in ‘sweet birds sang softly’ imagery the use of words to describe ideas or actions in a way that makes the reader connect the ideas with pictures in their mind : the use of water imagery in Fitzgerald’s novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ | She uses the imagery of a bird’s song to represent eternal hope. rhetorical question a question that you ask as a way of making a statement, without expecting an answer : When he said ‘how can these attitudes still exist in a civilized society?’, he was asking a rhetorical question
light THESAURUS light something that produces light, especially electric light, to help you to see : She switched the kitchen light on. | The lights in the house were all off. lamp an object that produces light by using electricity, oil, or gas - often used in names of lights : a bedside lamp | a street lamp | a desk lamp | a table lamp | an old oil lamp | a paraffin lamp lantern a lamp that you can carry, consisting of a metal container with glass sides that surrounds a flame or light : The miners used lanterns which were lit by candles. torch British English , flashlight American English a small electric lamp that you carry in your hand : We shone our torches around the cavern. candle a stick of wax with a string through the middle, which you burn to give light : The restaurant was lit by candles. bulb the glass part of an electric light, that the light shines from : a 100 watt bulb | an energy-saving light bulb on a car headlight ( also headlamp ) one of the two large lights at the front of a vehicle : It was getting dark so she switched the headlights on. sidelight British English , parking light American English one of the two small lights next to the main lights, at the front and back of a car tail light one of the two red lights at the back of a vehicle indicator British English , turn signal American English one of the lights on a car that flash to show which way the car is turning
