سلام مشکل عمده بسیاری از ما هنگام صحبت کردن به زبان انگليسي انتخاب واژگان مناسب از میان کلماتی است که هم معنی هستند ولی جایگاه استفاده از آنها متفاوت است یا هم معنی به نظر می رسند و در حقیقت از نظر موضوعی به هم مرتبط هستند اما با معنای متفاوت به کار می روند برای مثال دو لغت talkative , chatty از نظر معنا تقریبا مشابهند ولی مورد بکار رفتن آنها می توانند متفاوت باشد و به عنوان مثال برای لغاتی که از نظر موضوعی مرتبط هستند اما معنای کاملا متفاوت دارند می توان به walk , tiptoe , crawl اشاره کرد که هر سه مربوط به راه رفتن هستن اما در حقیقت هر کدام نوع خاصی از حرکت را بیان می کنند . در اینجا walk به معناهای راه رفتن ، tiptoe به معنای راه رفتن روی نوک پنجه ( آهسته و بی سر و صدا راه رفتن ) است . پس هر دو بر راه رفتن دلالت دارند ولی هر کدام نوع خاصی از راه رفتن را بیان می کنند . در این پست به افعالي با این ماهیت که به آنها نیاز دارید می پردازیم . اگر کلمه خاصی مد نظر شماست که هم معناهای آن را نمی دانید بفرمایید تا حتما قرار داده شود امیدوارم مفید واقع شود .
THESAURUS walk to move forward by putting one foot in front of the other : I missed the bus so I decided to walk. | We’ve walked about eight miles today. wander to walk without any clear purpose or direction : They wandered around the narrow streets of the old city. stride to walk with long steps in a determined, confident, or angry way : A man in a suit came striding purposefully into the hall. | She strode onto the stage and began to address the audience. pace to walk first in one direction and then in another many times, especially because you are nervous : Nick was pacing up and down, waiting for the phone to ring. march to walk quickly with firm regular steps – used especially about soldiers or someone who is angry : The troops marched past with smart uniform and good discipline. | Sheila marched into the office and demanded an apology. wade to walk through deep water : We had to wade across the river. stomp to walk putting your feet down very hard, especially because you are angry : She turned and stomped off without looking back. to walk quietly tiptoe to walk quietly and carefully on your toes because you do not want to make a noise : I tiptoed out trying not to wake the baby. creep to walk quietly and slowly because you do not want anyone to see or hear you : Stella crept up the stairs, hoping not to wake her parents. sneak to walk quietly so that no-one notices you, especially because you are doing something you should not do : They sneaked off without paying. | I quickly sneaked out to have a cigarette. pad to walk quietly without wearing shoes – also used about cats and dogs walking quietly : Michelle got up and padded barefoot down to the kitchen. | The cat padded in, asking for her food. to walk slowly trudge / trʌdʒ / to walk in a slow tired way because it is difficult to continue walking, or you do not want to go somewhere : The men trudged along the road, heads bent against the wind. | I’ve spent hours trudging around the shops looking for a present. plod to walk slowly in a tired way – often used about a horse, donkey etc : The donkey was plodding slowly along under its heavy load. | I plodded on growing thirstier and hungrier. shuffle to walk very slowly and noisily without lifting your feet off the ground : The old man got up and shuffled to the door. to walk with difficulty limp to walk with difficulty because one leg hurts, so that you put most of your weight on the other leg : Jake was limping because of the injury to his knee. stagger to walk or move unsteadily, almost falling over, especially because you are drunk or have been injured : They finally staggered back to the hotel at 4 o'clock in the morning. | He hit her and she staggered and fell. hobble to walk with difficulty in a slow and unsteady way because your legs or feet hurt or have been injured : My new shoes were so painful I could only hobble along. | She hobbled out to the car on crutches. to walk for pleasure take a walk ( also go for a walk ) to walk somewhere for pleasure : We went for a walk in the park. stroll ( also go for a stroll ) to walk in a relaxed way, especially for pleasure : People were strolling along beside the river. | On Sunday, they went for a stroll in the park. hike ( also go hiking ) to walk a long way in the mountains or countryside as an activity you enjoy : We’re going hiking in Scotland this summer. | They hiked around the Lake District. | Pat likes doing active things like hiking and horse-riding. trek ( also go trekking ) to go for a walk lasting several days or weeks in a faraway place, carrying your clothes with you : I’ve always wanted to go trekking in Nepal. | They trekked up to Everest Base Camp
THESAURUS wash to clean something with soap and water : Our car needs washing. | Make sure that you wash your hands. do the washing British English , do the laundry American English to wash clothes that need to be washed : Did you do the laundry this morning? | I do the washing on Wednesdays and Saturdays. do the washing up British English ( also wash up British English ) , do the dishes American English to wash all the cups, plates, knives etc that you have used during a meal : If you do the cooking tonight, I’ll do the washing up. | Who’s going to do the dishes? cleanse formal to make something completely clean, especially using a special substance : Carefully cleanse the cut to get rid of any grit or dirt. rinse to wash something with water in order to remove soap or dirt : I’ll just rinse the lettuce under the tap. scrub to make something very clean, using a stiff brush and water, or soap and water : Lou was on her knees, scrubbing the kitchen floor. mop to wash a floor with a wet mop (= special stick with thick threads on the end ) : A cleaner mopped the floor between the beds
THESAURUS watch to look at someone or something for a period of time and pay attention to what is happening : They were all watching the game. | I watched him get out of his car. | We are watching carefully to see how the situation develops. keep an eye on somebody/something to watch someone or something carefully so that you are prepared if anything bad happens : The doctors are keeping a careful eye on her. | Can you keep an eye on my bag for me? | Keep an eye on house prices before you decide to sell. observe to watch someone or something carefully in order to learn more about them : A 24-hour camera is being used to observe the birds’ behaviour. | During your teacher training you will be encouraged to observe lessons. monitor to watch a situation carefully to see how it changes over a period of time : Class teachers are responsible for monitoring the progress of each student. | Economists are monitoring the situation carefully. spy on somebody to watch someone secretly in order to find out what they are doing : He hired a private detective to spy on her. | In the 1960s, government agencies were spying on everybody. someone who watches something spectator someone who watches an event, especially a sports event : There were 4,500 spectators at the game. | a crowd of spectators viewer someone who watches television : Millions of television viewers listened to the President’s speech. | programmes for younger viewers audience the people who watch a play or performance, or the people who watch a particular television programme : The audience roared with laughter and clapped. | It attracted a television audience of seven million. onlooker someone who watches something happening without being involved in it, especially in the street : A man was standing on the roof, watched by a crowd of onlookers below. observer someone who watches and pays attention to particular situations and events, because they are interested in them, or it is their job : She was a shrewd observer of human nature. | a political observer who writes for The Independent newspaper | The United Nations has sent military observers to the Sudan
THESAURUS see to notice something with your eyes, usually without planning to. Also used when saying that you watched a particular programme, film, game etc : Have you seen my keys anywhere? | Did you see the basketball game last night? look at somebody/something to keep your eyes pointed toward someone or something, especially someone or something that is not moving : I looked at the map. | She was looking at him in a strange way. notice to see something interesting or unusual : I noticed a police car outside their house. spot to suddenly see something, especially something you are looking for : Nick spotted the advertisement in the paper. catch sight of/catch a glimpse of ( also glimpse formal ) to suddenly see someone or something for a short time, usually not clearly : I caught sight of him in the hotel lobby, and followed him out the door. | He glimpsed her face as she went into the courtroom. make out somebody/something to see something, but only with difficulty : Ahead, I could just make out the figure of a woman. witness to see something happen, especially a crime or an accident : The police are asking anyone who witnessed the attack to come forward. observe formal to see and pay attention to something : Officers observed him driving at 100 mph. sight especially written to suddenly see something or someone from a long distance, especially when you have been looking for a long time : The missing boys were sighted by a rescue helicopter. | The crew finally sighted land. Unable to see blind unable to see anything : She has been blind from birth. partially-sighted not able to see things very well, although not completely blind : Good lighting can be very important for partially sighted people. visually handicapped/impaired completely blind or not able to see very much – used especially in official reports, forms etc : a special school for visually impaired children
THESAURUS look to turn your eyes towards someone or something, so that you can see them : You should never look directly at the sun. | After a while, he turned and looked at me. have/take a look especially spoken to look at something quickly, especially in order to find or check something : I’ll have a look in my desk. | Take a look at this! glance to look at someone or something for a short time and then look quickly away : Damien glanced nervously at his watch. peek/peep ( also take a peek/peep ) to look quickly at something. Used especially when you are not supposed to look, or when you are looking through a small gap : The door was open so he peeked inside. | Katy peeped at her birthday present on the table. peer to look very carefully, especially because you cannot see well : Kenji was peering at the screen. glare to look at someone in an angry way : She glared at me as I got up to leave. stare to look at someone or something for a long time without moving your eyes : It’s rude to stare. | She stared straight into the camera. gaze to look at someone or something for a long time, often without realizing that you are doing it : She gazed out of the window. | He lay on his bed gazing at the ceiling. gape to look at someone or something for a long time, usually with your mouth open, because you are very shocked or surprised : People gaped at him with wide-open mouths. regard formal to look at someone or something, especially in a particular way : He regarded her steadily
THESAURUS sleep to rest your mind and body with your eyes closed. Sleep is usually used when talking about how long, how deeply, or where someone sleeps. When saying that someone is not awake, you use be asleep : Most people sleep for about eight hours. | He slept downstairs. | Did you sleep well? be asleep to be sleeping : The baby’s asleep – don’t wake her. | He was fast asleep (= completely asleep ) by the time I got home. oversleep to sleep for longer than you intended so that you wake up late in the morning : I overslept and was late for work. take a nap ( also have a nap especially British English ) ( also have forty winks informal ) to sleep for a short time during the day : I think I’ll have a nap. | She had been awake all night and was looking forward to taking a nap. have/take a snooze informal to sleep for a short time, especially in a chair, not in a bed : I think I’ll have a quick snooze. doze to sleep lightly, for example in a chair, and be easily woken : I wasn’t really asleep – I was just dozing. | I must have dozed off (= started sleeping ) halfway through the film. kip British English informal to sleep somewhere, especially somewhere that is not your home – a very informal use : I kipped at my mate’s for a couple of days. | Is it alright if I kip on the floor?
THESAURUS lie/tell a lie to deliberately tell someone something that is not true : She had lied to protect her son. | Are you accusing me of telling lies? fib verb [ intransitive ] informal to lie, especially about something that is not very important – used especially by children : Dan’s fibbing. I didn’t hit him. make something up/invent something to invent a story, explanation etc in order to deceive someone : I didn’t want to go so I made up an excuse and said I was busy. | He invented the tale to prevent his parents from finding out the truth. mislead verb [ transitive ] to make someone believe something that is not true by giving them false or incomplete information : The government misled the public over the war. be economical with the truth to only tell someone part of the truth – often used when saying indirectly that someone is lying : He admitted that he had perhaps been economical with the truth. perjure yourself/commit perjury to tell a lie in a court of law : He had perjured himself in court. | Witnesses will be prosecuted if they commit perjury
THESAURUS do to do something – used in the following phrases : do your work/homework etc : It usually takes me a couple of hours to do my homework. | do the shopping/cooking/washing etc : She’s gone to the supermarket to do the shopping. | do a test/experiment/some research : The doctor did some tests. | Fraser spent some time in Egypt doing some archaeological research. | Scientists are doing research on two types of vaccine. | do a course : Have you decided which course you want to do at university? make to do something – used in the following phrases : make a speech : The Prince made a short speech. | make a comment/suggestion/joke : Can I make a suggestion? | make a decision : The committee will meet to make their final decision. | make a mistake : I think someone has made a mistake. give to do something – used in the following phrases : give a talk/speech/lecture : They’ve asked him to give a talk. | give a performance : The band gave a brilliant performance. take to do something – used in the following phrases : take a test/exam : Kate’s taking her driving test tomorrow. | take a bath/shower : I think I’ll go and take a shower. | take a walk : Normally, he took a walk in the evenings. commit to do something that is a crime, especially a serious crime : commit a crime : The crime was committed in the early hours of the morning. | commit a robbery/murder etc : Dixon later admitted committing the robbery. carry out something to do something – used in the following phrases : carry out your work : The violence is making it difficult for firefighters to carry out their work. | carry out a task/duty : He still managed to carry out his duties. | carry out a survey/test/some research : The hospital carries out research into skin diseases. | carry out an operation : The operation was carried out at a hospital in Paris. | carry out a threat/promise : They didn’t carry out their threat to kill the hostages. | carry out sb’s orders/instructions/wishes : I’m sure I can rely on you to carry out my instructions. perform to do something. Perform is more formal than carry out , and is used in the following phrases : perform a task/duty : The job mostly involves performing administrative tasks. | perform an operation : A team of surgeons performed the operation. conduct to do something – used in the following phrases : conduct a survey/study/experiment : They conducted a survey of approximately 2,000 people living in the area. | conduct an inquiry/investigation : The police are conducting an investigation into the cause of the fire. | conduct an interview : Knowing how to conduct a successful interview is a skill. | conduct a campaign : People were unimpressed by the way in which the election campaign was conducted. go about something to do your work or the things that you usually do, especially when something serious has happened : go about your work/business : The next day she went about her business as if nothing had happened. get on with something spoken especially British English to start doing something that you should have started already or to continue doing something that you stopped doing for a short time : I need to get on with my homework. be up to something spoken to be doing something that you think is probably bad, although you do not know exactly what it is : I’m sure they’re up to something. | What’s Jake up to? He’s been upstairs in his room all day
THESAURUS to cook something cook to prepare a meal or food for eating by using heat : I offered to cook a meal for her. | Cook in a hot oven for 25 minutes. make to make a meal or a particular dish by cooking it or getting all the parts ready : John was making dinner. | I think I’ll make a salad for lunch. prepare to make a meal or a particular dish by getting all the parts ready. Prepare is more formal than make : The children helped to prepare the evening meal. | The dish takes a long time to prepare. rustle up / ˈrʌs ə l / informal to cook a meal or dish quickly using whatever is available : She soon rustled up a tasty soup. fix especially American English to cook or prepare a meal – used about meals you make quickly : Why don’t you take a nap while I fix dinner? do British English informal to make a particular type of food : I could do you an omelette. | I was thinking of doing a fish pie when Michael comes. ways of cooking something bake to cook things such as bread or cakes in an oven : Tom baked a cake for my birthday. roast to cook meat or vegetables in an oven : Roast the potatoes for an hour. fry to cook food in hot oil : She was frying some mushrooms. stir-fry to fry small pieces of food while moving them around continuously : stir-fried tofu and bean sprouts sauté / ˈsəʊteɪ $ soʊˈteɪ / to fry vegetables for a short time in a small amount of butter or oil : Sauté the potatoes in butter. grill to cook food over or under strong heat : grilled fish broil American English to cook food under heat : broiled fish boil to cook something in very hot water : He doesn’t even know how to boil an egg. | English people seem to love boiled vegetables. steam to cook vegetables over hot water : Steam the rice for 15 minutes. poach to cook food, especially fish or eggs, slowly in hot water : poached salmon toast to cook the outside surfaces of bread : toasted muffins barbecue to cook food on a metal frame over a fire outdoors : I thought we could barbecue some mackerel. microwave to cook food in a microwave oven : The beans can be microwaved.
